View Animation in Android

View animations allow images on an ImageView to be displayed through processes like hiding, rotating, scaling, and translating via animation.

Layout Code¶

To set the image, use the src attribute:

<Button
    android:text="Transparent Animation"
    android:id="@+id/button2"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

<ImageView
    android:id="@+id/alpha_image"
    android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

Java Code¶

final ImageView alpha = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.alpha_image);
Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button2);

button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        /**
         * AlphaAnimation: Transparent Animation
         * RotateAnimation: Rotation Animation
         * ScaleAnimation: Scale Animation
         * TranslateAnimation: Translation Animation
         * AnimationSet: Combined Animation
         * First parameter: start opacity
         * Second parameter: end opacity
         */
        AlphaAnimation alphaAnimation = new AlphaAnimation(1.0f, 0.0f);
        alphaAnimation.setDuration(2000); // Animation duration
        alphaAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE); // Repeat mode
        alphaAnimation.setRepeatCount(2); // Number of repeats
        alphaAnimation.setFillAfter(false); // Keep final state after animation
        alpha.startAnimation(alphaAnimation); // Start animation
    }
});

Effect Diagram¶

With just a few lines of code, the effect is achieved:

Important Notes¶

Some developers use the following approach, which may fail on certain devices due to compatibility issues:

imageView.setAnimation(alphaAnimation);
alphaAnimation.start();

Correct Approach: Always use startAnimation() on the target view.

Java Code for Various Animations¶

Animations are typically divided into four categories. Let’s create a project to experiment with them.

Transparent Animation¶

// AlphaAnimation: Transparent Animation
// First parameter: start opacity (1.0 = fully opaque, 0.0 = fully transparent)
AlphaAnimation alphaAnimation = new AlphaAnimation(1.0f, 0.0f);
alphaAnimation.setDuration(2000);
alphaAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
alphaAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
alphaAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
imageView.startAnimation(alphaAnimation);

Effect Diagram:

Rotation Animation¶

// RotateAnimation: Rotation Animation
// Parameters: start angle, end angle, rotation pivot X/Y type, pivot coordinates
RotateAnimation rotateAnimation = new RotateAnimation(
    0, 360, 
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f, // Pivot X: center of self
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f // Pivot Y: center of parent
);
rotateAnimation.setDuration(2000);
rotateAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
rotateAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
rotateAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
imageView.startAnimation(rotateAnimation);

Effect Diagram:

Scale Animation¶

// ScaleAnimation: Scale Animation
ScaleAnimation scaleAnimation = new ScaleAnimation(
    1, 2,  // X-axis: 1x to 2x
    1, 2,  // Y-axis: 1x to 2x
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f, // Pivot X: center of self
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f // Pivot Y: center of parent
);
scaleAnimation.setDuration(2000);
scaleAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
scaleAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
scaleAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
imageView.startAnimation(scaleAnimation);

Effect Diagram:

Translation Animation¶

// TranslateAnimation: Translation Animation
TranslateAnimation translateAnimation = new TranslateAnimation(
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, -0.5f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f, // X-axis: -50% to +50% of parent
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, -0.5f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f  // Y-axis: -50% to +50% of parent
);
translateAnimation.setDuration(2000);
translateAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
translateAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
translateAnimation.setFillAfter(true);
translateAnimation.setInterpolator(new BounceInterpolator()); // Bounce effect
imageView.startAnimation(translateAnimation);

Effect Diagram:

Combined Animation¶

// AnimationSet: Combined Animation
AnimationSet animationSet = new AnimationSet(false);

// Add Transparent Animation
AlphaAnimation alphaAnimation = new AlphaAnimation(1.0f, 0.0f);
alphaAnimation.setDuration(2000);
alphaAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
alphaAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
alphaAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
animationSet.addAnimation(alphaAnimation);

// Add Rotation Animation
RotateAnimation rotateAnimation = new RotateAnimation(
    0, 360, 
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f, 
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f
);
rotateAnimation.setDuration(2000);
rotateAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
rotateAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
rotateAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
animationSet.addAnimation(rotateAnimation);

// Add Scale Animation
ScaleAnimation scaleAnimation = new ScaleAnimation(
    1, 2, 1, 2, 
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f, 
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f
);
scaleAnimation.setDuration(2000);
scaleAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
scaleAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
scaleAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
animationSet.addAnimation(scaleAnimation);

// Add Translation Animation
TranslateAnimation translateAnimation = new TranslateAnimation(
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, -0.5f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f,
    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, -0.5f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f
);
translateAnimation.setDuration(2000);
translateAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
translateAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
translateAnimation.setFillAfter(true);
translateAnimation.setInterpolator(new BounceInterpolator());
animationSet.addAnimation(translateAnimation);

imageView.startAnimation(animationSet); // Start combined animation

Effect Diagram:

Complete Code¶

activity_main.xml¶

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.dell.myapplication.MainActivity">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

        <Button
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:onClick="alpha"
            android:text="Transparent" />

        <Button
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:onClick="rotate"
            android:text="Rotate" />

        <Button
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:onClick="scale"
            android:text="Scale" />

        <Button
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:onClick="translate"
            android:text="Translate" />

        <Button
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:onClick="set"
            android:text="Combined" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:gravity="center"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <ImageView
            android:id="@+id/imageView"
            android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java¶

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.animation.AlphaAnimation;
import android.view.animation.Animation;
import android.view.animation.AnimationSet;
import android.view.animation.BounceInterpolator;
import android.view.animation.RotateAnimation;
import android.view.animation.ScaleAnimation;
import android.view.animation.TranslateAnimation;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ImageView imageView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
    }

    public void alpha(View view) {
        AlphaAnimation alphaAnimation = new AlphaAnimation(1.0f, 0.0f);
        alphaAnimation.setDuration(2000);
        alphaAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
        alphaAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
        alphaAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
        imageView.startAnimation(alphaAnimation);
    }

    public void rotate(View view) {
        RotateAnimation rotateAnimation = new RotateAnimation(
            0, 360, 
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f, 
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f
        );
        rotateAnimation.setDuration(2000);
        rotateAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
        rotateAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
        rotateAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
        imageView.startAnimation(rotateAnimation);
    }

    public void scale(View view) {
        ScaleAnimation scaleAnimation = new ScaleAnimation(
            1, 2, 1, 2, 
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f, 
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f
        );
        scaleAnimation.setDuration(2000);
        scaleAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
        scaleAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
        scaleAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
        imageView.startAnimation(scaleAnimation);
    }

    public void translate(View view) {
        TranslateAnimation translateAnimation = new TranslateAnimation(
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, -0.5f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f,
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, -0.5f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f
        );
        translateAnimation.setDuration(2000);
        translateAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
        translateAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
        translateAnimation.setFillAfter(true);
        translateAnimation.setInterpolator(new BounceInterpolator());
        imageView.startAnimation(translateAnimation);
    }

    public void set(View view) {
        AnimationSet animationSet = new AnimationSet(false);

        AlphaAnimation alphaAnimation = new AlphaAnimation(1.0f, 0.0f);
        alphaAnimation.setDuration(2000);
        alphaAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
        alphaAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
        alphaAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
        animationSet.addAnimation(alphaAnimation);

        RotateAnimation rotateAnimation = new RotateAnimation(
            0, 360, 
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f, 
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f
        );
        rotateAnimation.setDuration(2000);
        rotateAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
        rotateAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
        rotateAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
        animationSet.addAnimation(rotateAnimation);

        ScaleAnimation scaleAnimation = new ScaleAnimation(
            1, 2, 1, 2, 
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0.5f, 
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f
        );
        scaleAnimation.setDuration(2000);
        scaleAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
        scaleAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
        scaleAnimation.setFillAfter(false);
        animationSet.addAnimation(scaleAnimation);

        TranslateAnimation translateAnimation = new TranslateAnimation(
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, -0.5f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f,
            Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, -0.5f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0.5f
        );
        translateAnimation.setDuration(2000);
        translateAnimation.setRepeatMode(Animation.REVERSE);
        translateAnimation.setRepeatCount(2);
        translateAnimation.setFillAfter(true);
        translateAnimation.setInterpolator(new BounceInterpolator());
        animationSet.addAnimation(translateAnimation);

        imageView.startAnimation(animationSet);
    }
}

Using XML to Create Animations¶

Create an anim folder under res, then add alpha.xml for translation animations:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
   <alpha xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
       android:fromAlpha="1"
       android:toAlpha="0"
       android:duration="2000"
       android:repeatMode="reverse"
       android:repeatCount="1">
   </alpha>

Load the animation in Java:

   Animation animation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(getApplicationContext(), R.anim.alpha);
   imageView.startAnimation(animation);

Using XML is recommended for clearer structure and easier maintenance.

View Animation in Android

Layout Code¶

Java Code¶

Effect Diagram¶

Important Notes¶

Java Code for Various Animations¶

Transparent Animation¶

Rotation Animation¶

Scale Animation¶

Translation Animation¶

Combined Animation¶

Complete Code¶

activity_main.xml¶

MainActivity.java¶

Using XML to Create Animations¶

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